About the Program
Patricia H. and Richard E. Garman Art Conservation Department
Patrick Ravines, Director & Professor
Rockwell Hall 230, (716) 878-5025
https://artconservation.buffalostate.edu/
The Buffalo State University dual M.A./M.S. degree program in Conservation of Art and Cultural Heritage, and Conservation Science and Imaging prepares students for careers as professional conservators caring for works of artistic, historical, and cultural significance. The three-year graduate program is inter- and cross-disciplinary with an educational balance between theory and practice. The instruction provides students with a broad background in conservation treatment, examination and analysis of artwork and cultural heritage, photo-documentation and technical imaging, and the implementation of scientific instrumentation for conservation in their first year. In the second year, students continue taking advanced imaging and science courses and choose their specialization in objects, paintings, or paper conservation (or its subspecialties, book or photograph conservation). The third year is a 12-month internship at a museum, library, archive or other cultural heritage institution under the mentorship of a professional conservator, where students apply the information, knowledge and skills acquired on campus and continue learning in a professional setting.
Educational and Career Objectives
The M.A./M.S. in Conservation of Art and Cultural Heritage, and Conservation Science and Imaging combines the multi-disciplinary nature of scientific and imaging analysis with that of conservation theory and practice. The degree focuses on conservation treatment practice, decision-making, and ethics; as well as the science (chemistry, physics, and materials science) and imaging (optics, industrial photography, and computational photography) required for the examination, characterization, documentation, long term preservation, and display/storage of cultural materials.
The educational goals and career objectives of the Department are to provide the arts, humanities, and cultural heritage fields with well-educated, highly qualified, and responsible conservators. Graduates are prepared for positions as conservation professionals in museums, galleries, libraries, archives, historical societies, private practices, and regional conservation centers.
Admission Requirements
1. Applicants must have an undergraduate degree with a GPA of at least 2.8, as evidenced by official transcripts from accredited institutions of higher education.
2. Applicants must have satisfactorily completed course work in the three areas below. Please note that the required course credits are given in semester credit hours. To translate quarter hours to semester hour equivalents, multiply by 2/3. For example, 6 quarter hours are equal to 4 semester hours.
A grade for each class must appear, except for some qualifying studio art and craft courses (see 2c. below). We may request catalog descriptions or syllabi to determine if a course meets the requirements. For courses taken Spring 2020 and later, pass/fail grades will be accepted. For courses in progress at the time of application, please provide evidence of enrollment with your application.
2a. Art History and Cultural Heritage:18 semester credit hours (9 credits must be Art History coursework).
Course distribution: Qualifying courses require a specific focus on art and artifacts and may include courses within art history, physical anthropology, and archaeology. Examples of courses that do not meet this requirement are history, museum or collections studies, library science, literature or film studies, urban economics, human biology, evolution, languages, administration, internships. Courses in conservation may be listed under conservation experience. This requirement ensures exposure to and understanding of a wide array of artistic, cultural, and historic works, as well as critical thinking, vocabulary, and writing skills. This requirement ensures exposure to and understanding of a wide array of artistic, cultural, and historic works, as well as critical thinking, vocabulary, and writing skills.
2b. Science: 16 semester credit hours
Course distribution: Must include two semesters of introductory/general chemistry with labs and one semester of organic chemistry with lab, or equivalent coursework. A fourth-semester science course with a lab is required and may be one of the following: organic chemistry II, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, instrumental analysis, physical chemistry, material science, mineralogy, or physics. Courses for non-science majors will not be accepted. In-person or hands-on laboratory courses are required unless your education was affected by the pandemic (Spring 2020 through Spring 2021). This requirement ensures applicants have the necessary science background, including familiarity with laboratory skills, equipment and techniques, and the scientific grounding for advanced content in each conservation specialty.
2c. Studio Art and Craft: 12 semester credit hours or equivalent (see below)
Course distribution: Hands-on courses in a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional arts and crafts. Currently, non-credit formal studio art courses taught at museums and community centers can be counted toward this requirement at the rate of approximately 25 hours of studio time for one semester credit. Please submit documentation including institution name, course description, and course duration; no grade submission is required. Note: Courses that do not meet the requirement include computer graphics, digital photography, and short one- and two-day workshops. The intent of this requirement is for the applicant to demonstrate familiarity with a range of materials and techniques, fine hand/motor skills, and manual dexterity.
3. Portfolio of Studio Art and Craft: Please submit a total of 7-10 works in both two and three dimensions. Works submitted do not have to be the result of formal studio courses. Note: Do not submit computer graphics, photography, abstract or expressionist artworks, as they do not demonstrate the manual skills we are evaluating. Include a cover page with the following information for each work: Title, media and support (include all materials and techniques employed), year created, and context (academic course, independent project, etc.). Indicate how the work shows your proficiency with the materials and/or techniques. Include detailed images where appropriate. This requirement demonstrates the applicant’s hand skills and communicates mastery of materials and techniques to the selection committee. A high level of manual proficiency is necessary to learn and perform refined conservation treatments and scientific analyses.
4. Conservation and related experience: Hands-on experience working under the guidance of a professional conservator at a museum, library, archive, regional center, and/or in a private conservation practice is highly recommended. This experience helps develop hand skills, acquire terminology, and allows applicants to gain familiarity with the field before committing to a graduate program. Preventive conservation, courses in conservation, conference attendance, object handling, and other museum/library/archives tasks are also beneficial experiences. Most candidates accepted into the program demonstrate an awareness of conservation ethics and principles and have basic treatment experience.
5. Curriculum Vitae (C.V.): Please follow the American Institute for Conservation (AIC) Emerging Conservation Professionals Network (ECPN) Guidelines for Resumes and CVs. https://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/Resume_and_Curriculum_Vitae
6. Personal Statement: Please provide a 1,000-word statement explaining why you are pursuing art conservation as a career, your strengths, your interest in the graduate-level education provided by the Garman Art Conservation Department, and how such training relates to your goals. Previous applicants should discuss any new skills or experiences since their last application.
7. Letters of Recommendation: Please submit (only) three letters of recommendation. Two letters must be from conservators and/or allied professionals who can indicate your level of experience and likelihood of future success in the field of conservation. One must be from a professor or other academic reference who can speak to your academic ability and likelihood of success in an intensive graduate program. We recognize that some applicants may have difficulty obtaining an academic reference, and in such cases, a reference from a professional or supervisor will be accepted.
8. English Language Requirements: Applicants for whom English is a second language must submit documentation of English language proficiency with a score from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), or the Duolingo English Test as documentation of English language proficiency. Applicants may be considered for admission with a minimum TOEFL score of 550 or higher on the paper exam or 79 on the Internet exam, an IELTS score of 6.0 or higher, or a Duolingo score of 100 or higher. Further information for International Applicants is available here: Graduate Studies.
For further information, please refer to the Graduate Studies Office for information regarding International Applicants.
Applicants should also review the Admission to a Graduate Program section in this catalog.
Application Deadline
All application materials are due no later than January 2 of the year in which admission is sought.
Learning Outcomes
1. Historical Perspective & Cultural Context: Have a judicious understanding of the inextricable relevance of history, art history, cultural context with the contemporary perspectives of the object’s medium/media, aesthetic value, production methods and place of origin, and its relationship to the object’s ‘lifetime journey’, including previous conservation and restoration treatments and current condition.
2. Critical Thinking & Problem Solving: To have the competency of integrating and synthesizing data and information from a multitude of sources for an historic or artistic work or collection of cultural objects inorder to creatively plan sound conservation and restoration approaches. To adapt to work situations and conditions, and to innovate when necessary to successfully plan and execute conservation and restoration treatments.
3. Imaging, Technical Examination & Documentation: To master the techniques, instruments, and equipment to examine and document the condition, characteristics, and method of manufacture of the historic and artistic works and cultural objects to be conserved and restored. To then be able to critically analyze the image data and derive useful information for use in diagnosis and in the development of sound conservation treatment options and preventive measures.
4. Scientific Analysis: To master scientific instrumentation to examine and analyze aspects of condition and method of manufacture of historic and artistic works and cultural objects to be conserved and restored. To critically analyze scientific/technical data and derive useful information for use in the development of sound conservation treatment options.
5. Craftsmanship & Hand Skills: Demonstrate a high level of competence in the skills requiring eye-hand coordination and manual dexterity for detailed work and finish using a wide range of tools, techniques, and processes to conserve and restore historic and artistic works and cultural objects from beginning to end.
6. Professional Conduct & Ethical Behavior: Understanding the Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Practice of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works; functional knowledge and practical information on public relations; portfolio development for internships and future jobs; how to interview; and contribution to the profession’s body of information through publication and presentations of case studies and/or research.
Program Requirements
Required M.A. Courses: Paintings
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
CNS620 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS I | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS621 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS 1 (LAB) | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS622 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS II | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS623 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS II LABORATORY | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS625 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTING III LABORATORY | 1 - Credit Hours
Required M.A. Courses: Paper
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
CNS630 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS ON PAPER I | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS631 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS ON PAPER I LAB | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS632 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS ON PAPER II | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS633 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS ON PAPER II LAB | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS635 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS ON PAPER III LAB | 1 - Credit Hours
Required M.A. Courses: Objects
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
CNS640 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS I | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS641 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS I LABORATORY | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS642 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS II | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS643 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS II LABORATORY | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS645 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS III LAB | 1 - Credit Hours
Required M.A. Courses: Professionalism
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
CNS685 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CONSERVATION I | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS686 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CONSERVATION II | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS694 MASTER'S PROJECT I | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS695 MASTER'S PROJECT II | 3 - Credit Hours
CNS699 INTERNSHIP | 0 - 12 Credit Hours
CNS698 INTERNSHIP SUSTAINING | 12 - Credit Hours
Electives (5 credit hours)
Select one pair of the following course pairs:
Complete at least 1 of the following Courses:
CNS624 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS III SEMINAR | 2 - Credit Hours
AND CNS626 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF PAINTINGS IV | 3 - Credit Hours
CNS634 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS ON PAPER III SEM | 2 - Credit Hours
AND CNS636 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF WORKS ON PAPER IV | 3 - Credit Hours
CNS644 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS III | 2 - Credit Hours
AND CNS646 TECHNOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF OBJECTS IV | 3 - Credit Hours
Total Required M.A. Courses (46 credit hours)
M.S. Program Requirements
Required M.S. Courses: Imaging
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
CNS600 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION I | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS601 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION LAB I | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS602 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION II | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS603 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION LAB II | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS604 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION III | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS605 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION LAB III | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS606 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION IV | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS607 CONSERVATION IMAGING: TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND DOCUMENTATION LAB IV | 1 - Credit Hours
Required M.S. Courses: Conservation Science (CS)
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
CNS610 POLYMERS IN ART & CONSERVATION | 3 - Credit Hours
CNS611 POLYMERS IN ART & CONSERVATION (LAB) | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS612 CONSERVATION SCIENCE: POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY, LIGHT & MATTER | 2 - Credit Hours
CNS613 CONSERVATION SCIENCE: POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY, LIGHT & MATTER LABORATORY | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS614 CONSERVATION SCIENCE: INORGANIC MATERIALS IN ART AND CONSERVATION | 3 - Credit Hours
CNS615 CONSERVATION SCIENCE: INORGANIC MATERIALS IN ART & CONSERVATION LABORATORY | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS616 TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTATIVE CONSERVATION | 3 - Credit Hours
CNS617 TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTATIVE CONSERVATION (LAB) | 1 - Credit Hours
Required M.S. Courses: Professionalism
Complete ALL of the following Courses:
CNS685 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CONSERVATION I | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS686 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CONSERVATION II | 1 - Credit Hours
CNS 685 and CNS 686 are taken twice for 1 credit hour each for a total of 4 credit hours that are applied to both the M.A. degree and the M.S. degree.
Total Required M.S. Courses (31 credit hours)
77 Total Credit Hours M.A./M.S. Program
